MOHG2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MOHG2 - Essay Example These examination structure an essential piece of the fiscal summary investigation, particularly from the speculators perspective, who consistently endeavor to put resources into nations having fortify and balancing out monetary proportions and speaking to an upward pattern. It is of extraordinary hugeness that the proportions must be benchmarked against a standard with the end goal for them to have a significance. Keeping that into account, the examination is typically led between organizations depicting same business and money related dangers, among ventures and between various timespans of a similar organization. The organization viable is Mandarin Oriental International Limited and in this report investigation of the money related execution of the organization for the monetary year 2011 with the budgetary year 2010 has been directed so as to cause to notice different monetary patterns and noteworthy changes over the period. The investigation is partitioned into three fundamental arrange to be specific Profitability, Liquidity and Gearing. Productivity proportions recognize how proficiently and adequately an organization is using its assets and how effective it has been in creating an ideal pace of return for its investors and financial specialists. Liquidity proportions measure the capacity of the organization to rapidly change over its advantage into fluid money to settle its transient liabilities. Though, the Gearing proportions distinguishes the degree to which the organization is financed through obligation and how much the tasks are being directed from the fund raised through raising va lue capital or something else. Mandarin Oriental International Limited is viewed as one of the noticeable with regards to sumptuous lodgings. As cited from the yearly report of Mandarin for the money related year 2011, â€Å"Mandarin Oriental International Limited is a global lodging speculation and the executives bunch with grand and top of the line inns, resorts and living arrangements in looked for after goals around the globe. The gathering currently works, or under

Relationship Between Culture and Economy

Connection Between Culture and Economy Fundamentally think about the connection among culture and economy. Whatever degree is it consistent with propose that decay of network and the development of serious independence are created by the moving needs of the entrepreneur economy? Independence free independence a regulation that puts together ethical quality with respect to the interests of the person a social hypothesis keeping up the political and monetary freedom of the individual and focusing on singular activity (Penguin English Dictionary, 2001) a monetary framework described by the benefit thought process and by private possession and control of the methods for creation, circulation and trade (Penguin English Dictionary, 2001) The fifteenth century saw the ascent of humanism and the re-assessment of the human condition corresponding to their reality. This was seen as an excursion from the dim periods of dread and abuse to the edified dreams of distinction and expectation. In actuality, it was an excursion that not very many were sufficiently favored to bear. One field for the activity of this elective methodology was comparing traditional Greek and Roman societies with what was then the rigors of contemporary religion. As of now, the picture of the individual is seeking another generalization for definition. However how astounded these early researchers is find that with this uniqueness came loss of network soul, lack of care and annihilation of the more distant family in as far as anyone knows propelled social orders. They would presumably be less amazed to find that financial aspects and legislative issues are two of the instruments which have been utilized to cut out and shading these new social orders. The accompanying exposition takes a gander at how explicit these elements work inside this changing structure of postmodern (Featherstone, 1991) society. It broadens its extension past old style financial and political hypothesis, which is expected more thought that given here. It considered a portion of the writing accessible regarding the matter of culture and financial aspects, in any case, so as to get a reasonable view, it additionally attempts to perceive what different components add to the decay of network. To begin with, it is important to comprehend the components that go to make up contemporary society. To place it in Foucaultian (1983) terms, how are these talks built and what are their necessities. How explicit would they say they are to every general public? â€Å"They [discourses] offer us social positions and statuses: the entrepreneur economy makes us into ‘workers’, ‘employers’ or ‘unemployed’† (Burr, An Introduction to Social Constructivism, 1995, p.54) Culture and financial aspects have been tremendously contemplated, explored and expounded on however the connection between the two has been a troublesome one to characterize. Guiso, Sapienza, Zingales, (2005) contend for a â€Å"heterogeneity of preferences† as influencing people groups monetary decisions. In the event that one concurs with this, at that point the underlying foundations of this heterogeneity need to incorporate culture. In any case, every one of these components of human culture have just the soundness of the time wherein they are made. They are moving sands and controlled by both inner and outside components. For instance, in a majority rule government where lawmakers are chosen by the individuals, it very well may be assumed that they are stating what the individuals like to hear and promising to do what the individuals who choose them need. It might be a pessimistic view, yet once in power, apparently one type of control offers route to another. As Chomsky (1992) says, purposeful publicity is to vote based systems what force is to fascisms. Political ‘spin’ both responds and leads. However, as the Frankfurt School of Philosophy appears, a depressingly negative clash between applied explanation and a capacity for society to adapt to, and adjust emphatically to, change. For instance, the quest for ‘panaceas’ (Horkheimer, 1987) upsets clarifications of society and financial matters. The panacea of poor people, as the idiom goes, used to be religion. Scholars currently point to industrialism as the new religion, yet it neglects to give the joy it guarantees. Horkheimer (1987) investigates the roots from which these inquiries emerge and looks at the accomplishment of singularity and self-rule. Why, when best in class mechanical social orders appear to give such degrees of individual decision, is there such discontent? Would it be able to be that a sabotaging of specific qualities has rendered us intuitively unreliable? Would it be able to be that there is truth in the explanation that â€Å"every part of culture is presently commodification and linkage to the offer of goods† (Herman, 1995)? Assuming this is the case, is singularity a fantasy and people simply products to be offered to whether through social similarity or adherence to contemporary beliefs? With the end goal of this exposition, certain parameters should be set on the issues. For instance, culture, as characterized by the Penguin English Dictionary (2001), is various things. It is mental turn of events, to be specific through training. It is the â€Å"intellectual and imaginative edification as recognized from professional and specialized skills†. It is the standard convictions and social types of explicit gatherings. At last it is characterized as â€Å"socially transmitted example of human conduct that incorporates thought, discourse, activity, foundations and artefacts† (Penguin, 2001). This article will for the most part include the last meaning of culture. Financial aspects appears to be more straightforward to characterize: â€Å"A sociology concerned essentially with the creation, appropriation and utilization of products and services† (Penguin, 2001). Be that as it may, even in these general terms it is anything but difficult to perceive how culture and economy between depend. With the end goal of this article, culture and financial aspects will be placed with regards to industrialist economies. It will begin with addressing what the requirements are of an industrialist economy as per hypothesis and fact. It will at that point analyze how network has changed and whether both the past society and present uniqueness are goals instead of real factors. This will at that point be placed with regards to contemporary society. While this article has a particular center, it is comprehended that there are numerous different types of political, social and financial frameworks and these can have various impacts relying upon their social orders. For instance, as Paecher, in concurrence with Burr’s citation above, brings up; â€Å"Different types of talk bring about the organizing of various types of information; change the force relations among talks and the information relations related with them will change as well† (Paechter, Educating the Other: sexual orientation, force and tutoring, 2001) This puts the issues inside a social setting. To do likewise with respect to financial matters one could take the accompanying model. Certain individuals who profit by an innovatively propelled industrialist economy would discover endurance very testing in a means economy. Be that as it may, this is nevertheless one methodology and one part of these issues. So as to see whether private enterprise and the expansion of independence alone have been the purposes behind a decrease in the perfect of network, the ‘needs’ of every one of these components of society must be thought of. The ‘needs’ of an entrepreneur economy can maybe both be guided and driven by the general public they are coordinated with. A ‘need’ to comprehend and evaluate the progressions that happen inside these economies has prompted works, for example, that done by Webber and Rigby (in Albritton et al, 2001, pp. 246-262). To accept a true investigation as normal of the more old style financial aspects, they study the log jam in world economy that occurred in the 1970’s. They reasoned that a bringing down productivity in the propelled economies was to be faulted for the log jam. They took this diagram and measured the aftereffects of financial change so as to survey what the reasons were from an explanatory viewpoint. In actuality, joblessness rose and wages, as Sennett appears, fell. He cites a fall of 18% in American wages somewhere in the range of 1973 and 1995 (Sennett, 1998, p.54). While the division of rich and poor is as apparent through history as today, the deception that an industrialist society would profit all people was broken down. Discontent and thwarted expectation with political guarantees turned out to be a piece of the way of life. It might be that the constrains felt by people to endeavor and make due through serious utilization of business methodologies has its foundations in the downturn and weakness of joblessness. Sennett discusses these changing weights as far as disparity inside corporate structures. He has people required to out perform and increment expertise assorted variety (p.55) so as to succeed. Work is in this way represented by financial aspects from one viewpoint and culture on the other with governmental issues as a middle person between wanted types of society and oversaw real factors. In this light, something contrary to serious independence is joblessness and while dread of the last keeps the previous serious, the expense of the last energizes techniques for accomplishing full business. For instance, Featherstone utilizes the activities of Seattle (1996) to build up its picture as a â€Å"quality of life capital† (p.107). The point was to diminish its mass joblessness by making itself appealing both inside the social circle above and as a flourishing monetary substance. This postmodernisation (Cooke, 1988; Zukin, 1988b refered to in Featherstone, 1996) is, indeed, a type of self-publicisation and picture creation †something that this paper will come back to later. To come back to the UK circumstance. A level of the UK populace got subject to the Welfare State for endurance and got known as the drawn out jobless. Governmental issues and financial aspects are at the bleeding edge with regards to paying for joblessness. Since the 70’s, legislative issues has attempted both a carrot and stick way to deal with diminishing outgoings on the jobless. Behind these activities is the Government spending plan and the

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 16th, 2019

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Business Ethics And Explain Its Nature Essay - 1677 Words

Section 1- Introduction 1. Define business ethics and explain its nature: Ethics deals with moral practices and also, tell us how to behave with others. Actually, ethics defines the difference between good and bad, moral and immoral and fair and unfair etc. In addition to this it tells us to adopt good things and avoid bad ones. In short, ethics means a code of conduct (Shearman, 1990). Business Ethics means to run a business not only for profit purpose but also for sake of welfare to the society. A businessman must aware about the consumer needs and wants along with providing a continuous supply of good quality of goods and services at reasonable prices (Lewis, Defining ‘business ethics’: Like nailing jello to a wall. ). According to Kirk O. Hanson, a renowned ethics expert who also doubles as the Executive Director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, business ethics is the study of the standards of business behaviour which promote human welfare and the good(Hanson, 2008). Nature of Business Ethics: Some characteristics of business ethics are like: Provides ordinary framework: Business ethics provides the basic framework to run a business.It also gives the economic, legal and social boundaries within which businessmanmust conduct his business. Code of conduct: Businessman must follow the ethical code of conduct. They must know what to do for the welfare of society and what not to do, and what is right and wrong for the society. Based on moral andShow MoreRelatedWhy Ethical Responsibilities Go Beyond Legal Compliance. Essay591 Words   |  3 Pages1. Explain why ethics is important in the business environment. Ethics is important not only in business but in all aspects of life because it is the vital part and the foundation on which the society is build. A business/society that lacks ethical principles is bound to fail sooner or later. While many businesses have codes of ethics, the words written in a formal code are valuable only if their intent is reflected in the actions of the people who represent the organization. A business cannot beRead MoreJust Business : Christian Ethics For The Marketplace1064 Words   |  5 Pages Just Business: Christian Ethics for the Marketplace. By Alexander Hill. IVP Academic; Revised edition (January 10, 2008), 276pp., $11.29 Paper. Chanel Mahone Alexander Hill’s Christian Ethics for the Marketplace in my view point focuses on ethics as it relates to business which also includes the Christian element. Hill outlines the scripturally grounded ethical structure of holiness, justice, and love for business practices. Hill also connects his Christian ethic to the dominant methods ofRead MoreMorals and Ethics1023 Words   |  5 Pagesand Ethics in Society Kalob Lisk Rasmussen College Author Note This paper is being submitted on July 14, 2016, for Thomas Santangelo’s B406 Business Law and Ethical Behavior course. Morals and Ethics in Society Morals and ethics in society play major roles in our lives and our work environments and I am more than happy to write this research paper to help explain the similarities and its key differences. And this research paper will also include where both morals and ethics derivedRead MoreCase Study: A New Work Ethic1253 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A New Work Ethic† Student: Maria Leiva Instructor: Prof. Chuck Brooks Date: January 29, 2012 Introduction This assignment discusses the case of James Sheehy, who worked undercover in a restaurant and discovered the attitude of the younger generations towards work ethics, especially under the customer service area, which they lacked, and also how they perceived employee theft. The following questions are to help us analyze and maybe even understand where business in AmericaRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue1493 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics is a reflection as to what virtue is. Aristotle’s definition of virtue can be described as the as the â€Å"state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean relative to us, this being determined by reason and by that reason by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it† (Nicomachean Ethics, 31). In addition to that, Aristotle illustrates two types of virtue that stem from his primary idea; moral and intellectual virtue. Aristotle expounds moral virtueRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Manage rial Accounting Profession1186 Words   |  5 Pagesdue to its complexity in today s business world it may generates sort of excesses that can negatively affect the business environment as well as the social life. Therefore, it becomes necessary to stress on the ethics and morals that should be prevalent in the business community. The term ethics in the business environment expresses the expected attitude of the individuals in organizations that carry out certain activities and services. Clearly, today’s business environment has obvious ethical issuesRead MoreAn Evaluation Of The Information From The Feedback Register Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesto develop a research brief for your Manager that: Provides an evaluation of the information from the feedback register, including key findings. †¢ Demographic data: Demographic data indicates that there is a statistically significant socio-economic nature, such as hemophilia population, income, race, education and employment, which is represented by the geographic location of the specific and often associated with time. For example, when we are talking about the population of the area, such as a populationRead MoreMoral And Ethical Dilemmas Of The Millennial Generation And Generation Z1637 Words   |  7 Pagesreason for why humans are the way they are and the morality, alongside the ethics, behind each of those reasons. Merriam-Webster defines morals as â€Å"of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behavior† and ethics as â€Å"the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation.† Thus one sees the interconnectedness between both definitions. Morals are the internal decisions of a person, and ethics are the external but are entirely based on one’s morals. The MillennialRead MoreEthics Systems Of Accounting : Comparing Deontology And Utilitarianism1482 Words   |  6 PagesEthics Systems in Accounting: Comparing Deontology and Utilitarianism Ethics are crucial to the accounting profession and the business world, so choosing an ethics system to base your moral decisions on is extremely important. Accountants and all business professionals will be confronted with moral dilemmas on a daily basis. Being strong in your faith and knowing what you believe in will help you to always make the right decision. Based on this reasoning, this essay will explain why deontology isRead MoreAristotle s Virtue Ethics And Aquino s Natural Law1639 Words   |  7 PagesMerriam-Webster defines ethics as â€Å"the moral principles that govern a person’s or group’s behavior† and â€Å"the branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles.† People, in their free actions, naturally notice the rightness or wrongness of such actions. Everyone has experienced some satisfaction or remorse for actions taken. When this spontaneous knowledge of the events is integrated into an orderly knowledge, based on some understandin g of the causes, it originates ethical science. Ethics is a practical

Gay Rights, Gay, Lesbian, And Society - 1202 Words

Over the past decades, being gay was something no one talked about. It was a subject that was very taboo and society didn’t accept. People saw it as a stage one goes through and something unnatural. Thanks to the media, more and more celebrities have come out of the closet over the years. Soon people became accepting of the gay community and their life style. Being openly gay, lesbian, transgender, or bisexual in the workforce can lead to discrimination. Gay mirages are also frowned upon by society. Unfortunately, there aren’t many laws that protect gay rights. Everyday in America, gay people are being fired, denied a job, refused promotion, or some other form of discrimination. It’s not because they don t qualify for the job it’s because they are gay. 21/50 states in the US have rights set to protect them from facing this discrimination (Eisenberg, Rebecca). 18 out of those 21 states it is illegal to fire transgenders (Eidelson, Josh). So far there are ab out 28 million workers unemployed because of their sexuality (Bendery, 2014). Pros: 1. Tom Harkin, former Democrat U.S Senate, has a mission to pass a Paycheck Fairness Act, Fair Pay Act, and an Equal Pay Act. Harkin had expressed his views on the issue on last years Equal Pay Day. He felt that there is a big pay gap between men and women. Women are paid less then men simply because of their gender. Even though the Equal Pay Act was passed in 1963 (Harkin, 2014), people are not following the act. By passing the PaycheckShow MoreRelatedOppression and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons 1091 Words   |  5 PagesLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Oppression Generations ago, the United States was a country of the male wardrobe. Todays movements for the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community are leveraging the existence of more globalized and open systems. Besides, the promotion of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender population have been acknowledged through smart partnerships within conventional, political and economic scene, while the males and heterosexuals areRead MoreGay Rights1676 Words   |  7 PagesGay Rights The movement of the gay and lesbian population in the United States is one that has been in progress since the early 1900s, and is still facing overwhelming controversy and backlash today. The push for gay liberation in a country founded on Christian morals and beliefs has subsequently led to struggles over equality of marriage, adoption, jobs, and healthcare. One side of the controversy argues that every individual deserves the same rights, while the opposing mindset argues that beingRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesRahime-Malik Howard Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although th ere were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead More Social and Legal Obstacles of Gay and Lesbian Parenting Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesSocial and Legal Obstacles of Gay and Lesbian Parenting In the last decade there has been a rise in the number of lesbians and gay men forming their own families. Many do this through adoption, foster care, artificial insemination, and other means. Today, researchers have estimated that the number of children living with one gay or lesbian parent is six to fourteen million. Some have described this current period as a lesbian and gay â€Å"baby boom†. However, lesbian and gay parents face many social andRead More Gays in the Military Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesFor nearly 50 years, it has been the U.S. militarys official policy to exclude homosexuals from service. In November 1992, President - elect Clinton told Americans that he planned to lift the militarys long - standing ban on gays and lesbians. Homosexual men and women, he said, should not be prevented from serving their country based on their sexual orientation. Soon after taking office in 1993, Clinton faced powerful military and congressional opposition to lifting the ban. General Colin PowellRead MoreGay Adoption And The United States1412 Words   |  6 Pages Gay parents! 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T here is evidence of same sex relationships at least as far back as ancient Greece (Crompton, 2003). Over time, negative societal attitudesRead MoreGay And Lesbian Rights Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesGay And Lesbian Rights When I read the statement that said we shouldnt devote our efforts to promoting the rights of lesbians and gay men, since there are more important and urgent human rights issues that deserve our attentionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. I was taken aback. As it stands now, nothing seems more important than bringing both equality, and general acceptance, to gay and lesbian people. Although their have been many mistakes made in the past regarding such human rights issuesRead MoreGay Adoption And The United States1412 Words   |  6 Pages Gay parents! Yes I said it.What kind of impact do gay couples have on adoption agencies in the United States? â€Å"An estimated 65,500 adopted children are living with a lesbian or gay† parent (Lifelong Adoptions)​.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¹There are 1 million lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents raising about 2 million children in the U.S† (Why Gay Parents Are Good Parents). ​Even though people believe gay adoption will cause children to act different Gay adoption positively affects adoption agenciesRead MoreDecline of the Traditional American Family: Homosexual Parents1246 Words   |  5 Pagesconception that lesbians and gay men may be parents is frequently perceived in today s society as impossible or immoral. Gay men and lesbians are often viewed as excluded from having children because sexual reproduction is related to men and women couples only. My approach to this uniquely controversial topic of gay parenting will be that of attempting t o analyze the pro side. Gays and lesbians are human too and who is to say that they don t deserve equal rights in society. Society has to realize

Ethical Principle of Justice How It Relates to Nursing Research Free Essays

Nursing research is continual and it is consistently improving the healthcare field. When understanding research and evidence-based practice, ethics is one of the first things to consider for proper results. Evidence-based practice will not be demonstrated unless ethical research is supported. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Principle of Justice: How It Relates to Nursing Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ethics is always a topic of concern and a standard to be maintained when participating in research, especially evidence based practice in the nursing field. Not all research studies or trials are ethical, and many haven’t been ethical in the past. For example, The Stanford Prison Experiment, The Tuskegee Study, and The Monster Study are just a few examples of well-known unethical research trials. Today, the chances seem promising when it comes to establishing ethical clinical research and advocating for subjects. The reason ethics is considered in research is for accurate outcome results and beneficence of subjects. When thinking about ethical principles that should be upheld within nursing research, a few prominent principles come to mind. Beneficence is the understanding to promote or advocate for the betterment and positive well-being of the subject/patient. Respect is a very important ethical principle because subjects have a right to their own decisions, options, and existence in a trial. Justice is the ethical principle being discussed in this paper, and seems to be a common necessity for patient protection. Justice, in reference to nursing research and its importance, will be explained. According to Shakà © Ketefian, the author of the article Ethical considerations in research. Focus on vulnerable groups, Justice has several meanings; there is the meaning of retribution. Another meaning is justice as fairness.† (Kettefian, 2015). The Introduction to Nursing Research textbook written by Carol Boswell ; Sharon Cannon refers the definition of justice as â€Å"fairness and equality to another. It encompasses a general guideline of â€Å"what is due or owed to persons† and it â€Å"implies the rights of fair treatment and privacy, including anonymity and confidentiality†Ã¢â‚¬  (Burkhart ; Nathaniel, 2014, p. 528)(Boswell ; Cannon, 2017, p.179). When justice comes to mind, fairness is the initial definition. When considering research, fairness isn’t always present. There are different control groups, or categories of subjects, and different variables of a study. Sometimes one category of a study is deprived of what’s owed to them, in other words, a lack of justice. The reason justice is crucial in research is that of equal opportunity, fair treatment, and successful unbiased participation. Without justice before, during, and after the study, there is not a chance for accurate results/evidence. Justice also includes the discussion of all resources and information, relating to that particular patient, about their situation. Occasionally, prognoses will be shared with the family first as opposed to the patient first. The patient has a right to know all about their diagnosis, prognosis, and current options. In the article written by Sahreen Malik Bhanji, which is about Health Care Ethics, he says â€Å"It is believed that and especially in healthcare industry that all individuals have equal rights in terms of seeking health care and to participate in their plan of care† (Bhanji, 2013, p. 2). It is due to them, especially during a study. The subject should be informed of all possible treatment options that are available during the timing of their study according to their current state. If not informed, this would fall under unethical and injustice due to the insufficient amount of resources and information offered. Justice is important to research mainly because of the right to be informed and the fairness to be fully included/advocated for. The University of Washington School of Medicine explains ways to ensure justice is not compromised in a study, this would include avoiding the selection of participants that might be unfairly coerced into participating, such as prisoners and institutionalized children (Adams, 2013). This will automatically determine that there isn’t an assumed subject of injustice. Another step in designing a research study that includes proper justice consists of consistent privacy and the right to confidentiality. Sharing of personal or specific information would include injustice. Each patient, no matter the study, should be free of judgment, and offered privacy as well as trusted confidentiality. When creating a study, fairness should always be considered, no matter the variables. To make sure this is upheld, the researchers have to be unbiased and informed of patient rights included in the subjects’ contracts. In a research study, justice includes promotion of the patient on an equality level. One subject isn’t favored or discriminated, all are equally valued. This guideline can be a written signed measure when designing the research study standards that will continually be abided by. That would be a step to instill justice. These two ways of design would be implemented before the study actually takes place. During a study, justice requirements would include offering all information (new even poor prognosis), treating each subject with complete fairness, and demonstrating total unbiased opinion with zero judgment. Both the nurse in the nursing research study and the subject will be treated with justice by offering reward or treatment options, if applicable. The main ethical concern is effective communication in regard to patient rights, justice falls under this idea. The greatest take-away about the ethical principle of justice within a research study is that the patient is fully informed, treated with total fairness no judgment, and offered equality in confidentiality. To conclude, justice is an ethical principle that needs to be upheld in every nursing research study. Majority of people strive to live by justice every day. Being fair to one another is a part of expected moral human interaction. It means fairness for each patient or subject. In a study, without fairness and equality, results are inconclusive and inaccurate because it’s considered unethical. Justice in the nursing world means that an individual is given what they are due or obligated to. Whether that is the best care possible, or the highest standard of treatment/observation in a research study. There are measures that can should be taken to focus on maintaining justice in a research study. According to Bhanji, justice includes â€Å"considering the best possible outcome in favor of the direct recipient of care (patient)† (Bhanji, 2013, p. 2). Therefore, justice is important to the field of nursing research because it includes patient advocacy, entitlement to proper communication involving the health care team patient, and it fulfills patient rights for the best care possible. References Adams, Lizabeth, Timothy Callahan. 2013. Research Ethics. University of Washington School of Medicine. https://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/resrch.html Bhanji SM (2013) Health Care Ethics. J Clinic Res Bioeth 4:142. doi: 10.4172/2155- 9627.1000142 Boswell, C., In Cannon, S. (2017). Introduction to nursing research: Incorporating evidence- based practice. Ezekiel, J. Emmanuel, David Wendler, and Christine Grady. 2000. â€Å"What Makes Clinical Research Ethical?† Journal of American Medical Association, Vol.280 No.20, May 24/31, 2000, pp.2701-2711. Keteian, S. (2015). Ethical considerations in research. Focus on vulnerable groups. Investigation ; Education in Intermedia, 33(1), 164–172. https://doiorg.ezproxy.samford.edu/10.1590/S0120-53072015000100019 How to cite Ethical Principle of Justice: How It Relates to Nursing Research, Papers

Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health

Question: Discuss about the Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health? Answer: Solution 1 The exposures of interest considered in this study are total fat intake, Saturated fat intake, monounsaturated fat intake, polyunsaturated fat intake and trans-fat intake (Oh, 2005). Inorder to ascertain dietary information, a questionnaire was used. They were updated in 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1998. A rational determination of total fat and specific types of fat was made in this study (Nelson, 2009). The study results are found to be consistent with other studies. The results of the study clearly give the information about the effect of dietary intake on CHD risk (Nelson, 2009). Blood lipid levels are not measured in the study and this is another limitation of the study (Oh, 2005). Solution 2 Myocardial infarction (nonfatal) or Coronary heart disease (fatal) was the outcome measured. In the case of nonfatal MI, the medical records were collected for reporting women. Deaths from fatal CHD were recognized by the US postal system or from the National Death Index (Oh, 2005). The results of the study are evidenced to be consistent with several other studies (Oh, 2005). Change in diet was one of the factors responsible for evidence of decline in CHD incidence (Oh, 2005). Solution 3 The source population of the study is 30-55 aged female nurses. The target population does not differ from the source population (Oh, 2005). The results are analyzed evidently in the population by the age of 65 years or younger and with age above 65 (Oh, 2005) In, the elderly population, the study results were influenced by factors like an increase in intensity of chronic diseases or weakened health status or change in metabolism with aging (Oh, 2005). Solution 4 In 1976 the study was started with 1,21,700 female nurses whose age is 3055 years. The participants who returned the 1980 questionnaire were included in the study and participants with cardiovascular disease, cancer, improbable intake of energy, diabetes, cancer, hypercholesterolemia was excluded from the study. So after exclusions, 78,778 women were studied (Oh, 2005). Solution 5 The risk measures calculated in the study are age, smoking, BMI, alcohol intake, history of menopausal state, hormone use, hypertension, MI, use of aspirin, Vitamin E, multivitamin, physical activity and intake of fat; fatty acids; fruits, vegetables and fiber(Taylor Zahradka, 2013). Solution 6 The incidence of various diseases may change the diet of women and hence are excluded from the study. But Excluding such women didnot affect the study results (Oh, 2005). Solution 7 The overall motor vehicle-related mortality risk is 1.8%. Solution 8 (100/2000)*100 = 5% (80/8000)*100 = 1% (100/10,000) * 100 = 1 % Solution 9 (45/300)*100 = 15% (135 /7000)*100 = 1.9% (45/10000) *100 = 0.45% Solution 10 The cumulative incidence ratio of death by driving speed is 1%, and the cumulative incidence ratio of death by DWI status is 0.45 %. The values indicate that death by speed is very high in comparison to death by DWI status. Solution 11 1900-100 = 1800 255-45 = 210 Solution 12 A direct relationship was observed between trans-fat and CHD, whereas inverse relation was observed between CHD and polyunsaturated fat. In women aged less than 65 the results were evidenced to be more prominent and relevant. Among women with a higher BMI, the risk of CHD was increased with intake of Polyunsaturated fat intake. Solution 13 (180/10000) * 100 = 1.8 % (180/10000)*100 = 1.8% Solution 14 Mortality risk = (180/10000) * 100= 1.8%. Solution 15 {(5-1)/5 } * 100 = 80 % {(15-1.9)/15} * 100 = 87.33 % Solution 16 Mortality risk = (180/10000) * 100= 1.8%. Solution 18 Inorder to eradicate motor related deaths, the funding should be allocated equally to two risk factors. The speed limit should be strictly monitored and drive while intoxicated should be severely penalized. References Ndrepepa, G. (2015). BMI and coronary heart disease: no difference according to sex. The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology, 3(6), 398-400. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00103-5 Nelson, G. (2009). Dietary Fat, Trans Fatty Acids, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease.Nutrition Reviews, 56(8), 250-252. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01758.x Oh, K. (2005). Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women: 20 Years of Follow-up of the Nurses' Health Study. American Journal Of Epidemiology, 161(7), 672-679. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi085 Sedgwick, P. (2010). Incidence rate ratio.BMJ, 341(sep08 1), c4804-c4804. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c4804 Taylor, C., Zahradka, P. (2013). Do high dietary intakes of linoleic acid protect against death from coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease?.Clinical Lipidology, 8(5), 493-495. https://dx.doi.org/10.2217/clp.13.48 Uhry, Z., Belot, A., Colonna, M., Bossard, N., Rogel, A., Iwaz, J. et al. (2013). National cancer incidence is estimated using the incidence/mortality ratio in countries with local incidence data: Is this estimation correct?.Cancer Epidemiology, 37(3), 270-277. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2012.12.007

Make Green Delicious free essay sample

With global accolades, rave reviews and local food critics, its customer bases has grown substantially. Kennedy wants to expose the thought of slow food philosophy to as many people as possible, from his customers, workers, to the community. In order to set up a foundation, build public relation and reach more people in the community, Kennedy has to spend more time and extra money which a lot of his chefs found it unnecessary. To balance between grown and sustainability, Kennedy should cut costs in other areas. C. Alternatives: 1. Set up foundation * Cut costs * Pair up with a local non-governmental organization as it may be hard to run a foundation without proper skills training 2. Do not set up foundation D. - Recommendation: Set up the foundation. If the foundation succeeds, it can achieve Kennedy`s goal of educating the public about the slow food philosophy. It will help the corporation overall as it furthers differentiate the brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Make Green Delicious or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the foundation fails, it will hurt the corporation a bit but with its 33 years of experience and brand building, it should be able to recover. E. - Implementation Plan: It may be a good idea to pair up with a local non-governmental organization so that it reduces the risk of failing to manage the foundation. It is important to look for a local non-governmental organization that agrees and aligns with the firm`s own philosophy and goals. In terms of cutting costs, as mentioned in the case, it can move the production kitchen to a lower cost location and supply Jamie Kennedy Kitchens with his own rural farm. In this way, efficiency is improved. One issue that should be taken into consideration is that by supplying the corporation with its own farm, it may be competing with the local suppliers and damage the established relationship between suppliers.

Suicide Locations Essay examples

Suicide Locations Essay examples Suicide Locations Essay examples Suicide Locations: The Deeper Meaning behind the Tragedy Suicide is the act of taking one's own life voluntarily and intentionally. There are many intentions when it comes to suicide. One might want to punish someone by making them feel responsible, want to join a loved one that has died or don’t feel like they belong. When someone has the intention of killing themselves, there are several different methods. From most popular to least popular methods include firearms, hanging/suffocation, solid/liquid poison, gas poison and jumping from high places. All of these different ways have a deeper meaning. Every suicide ever planned has the intention of leaving behind a message. The suicide location is one of these. The location the suicidal person chooses to end their life at is an important factor in the suicide attempt. In the novel â€Å"A Long Way Down†, an unexpected group of people meet on New Year's Eve on the roof of the popular suicide spot Topper's House, where eac h one has the intention of ending their lives. If it were not for the location this group of people chose to potentially end their life, they would have never been able to save themselves. There are three types of suicidal, those who attempt but don’t want to die, those that are undecided and those who attempt and want to die. Those that don’t want to die make it a red light for those close to him/her. Those who are undecided let others know their intentions and leave the rest to them to interfere. If nothing is done, then it must be fate. If they’re barred then life must be worthwhile. Those that want to die are usually affected by depression or are bipolar and are left untreated. Depression isn’t about being sad. It’s like a darkness that takes over someone and fills them. It drains everything emotional in a person. It takes everything, and leaves one feeling hollow and numb. Like nothing. It’s not sadness, it’s not anger, itâ€⠄¢s hopelessness. They may feel like there is no hope left. This is the most dangerous type of suicidal because it can be easily prevented by prescribing the adequate medication or counseling. Sometimes it only takes one to person to save a life. One of the world’s top suicide locations is the Aokigahara Forest in Japan. Aokigahara is also known as the Sea of Trees. It is a forest that lies at the base of Mount Fuji. The caverns found in this forest are rocky and ice-covered, even during the summer. It is an old forest reportedly haunted by many legends of ghosts and goblins, which add to its sinister reputation. Aokigahara has been suspected to have begun its death toll after the novel Kuroi Kaiju (Black Sea of Trees) in 1960. At the end of this novel, it ends with two lovers committing suicide in the Aokigahara forest. People who enter this

Operation management exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operation management exam - Essay Example The main objective of the concept is to optimize from the production processes while reducing on wastage. The concept aims to reduce lead time and batch size and increase the throughput time. The implementation in company results to efficient running of the processes perfectly aligned to the quantity demanded. The history of the concept dates back in Japan where it was recognised as a means of production. The concept was initially known as the Toyota production system since it was practised in order to compete with the automobile industry in America as explained by Coyle, Bardi and Langley (2009). It was observed that in America, production was based on the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) however, the method could not work in Japan as the domestic demand was lower and there was demand for different models in small quantities. This led to the introduction of the concept that was based on elimination of waste resulting from inventory costs, processing time , transportation, time spent waiting and excess production. The implementation of concept saw the rise of the industry and realised more profits however the system needs employee participation and good management for it to yield benefits to the company. The JIT manufacturing system benefits a company in several ways the most important are the reduction of inventories. Customer relations improves as the company reduces the throughput time resulting to greater output and fast response to the customers demands and also minimizes the rates of defects leading satisfaction. There is reduced setup time that allows the company to eliminate the stock for change over time. The system simplifies inventory management as there is improved flow of goods from the warehouse. Schedules of working hours, production and supply are synchronized with the demand and optimal inventory amounts.

Marketing Essentials Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Essentials - Assignment Example Subsequent to that, the Company developed and published ‘Modern Methods of Antiseptic Wound Treatment’ in the year of 1888. In the same year, the Company successfully innovated and launched the first commercial first aid kits. The Maternity kits were launched for the purpose of making childbirth safer in the year of 1894. Johnson & Johnson has strong credos that are inbuilt into the company’s business ideology. The first responsibility is to the nurses, patients, nurses, to fathers and mothers who use the company services and products. In addition to that, the Company maintains following standards: High Quality, Prompt service delivery, Equal opportunity for the suppliers, Individual attention to employees, Adequate and fair compensation and working conditions, Equal employment opportunities. Johnson & Johnson has no established mission or vision statement. However, the credos and values are considered to be serving the role of mission and vision statement for the company. Chapter 2 Analysis of company situation Source: (Johnson & Johnson annual report 2011). Johnson & Johnson performed well in the year of 2011. It produced adjusted earnings for the 28th consecutive year (Annual Report, 2011). In the year, the company’s aggregate sales were $ 65.0 billion adding an increase of 5.6 percent into the sales. Operationally, sales grew by 2.8 percent, representing the growing demand and strength of new products particularly in the pharmaceuticals business segment, science-based continuous innovations in the consumer business, steady and constant growth in the MD&D franchise and strong growth was recorded in the emerging markets (Annual Report, 2011). Up to 70 percent of sales were generated by products having No.1 or No.2 global market share positions. And approximately 25 percent of sales were generated through the products introduced in the past five years (Annual Report, 2011). Also, the company invested $ 7.5 billion in advanced robust pipelines and Research & Development across three of the main business segments. Due to this substantial investments in the R&D projects, the company generated considerable free cash flow of nearly & 11.4 billion. The consequent effect appeared in the shape of AAA credit ratings and consecutively increasing the dividend to shareholders for the last 49 years. Source: (Johnson & Johnson Annual Report, 2011). Chapter 3 Market situation The United States of America remains the biggest market for the personal care and health care products. The market situation in the United States indicates that there are more than 800 companies serving in the personal care and health industry and their collective annual revenues has been estimated around $ 38 billion (Hoovers, 2012). The major companies include Johnson & Johnson, Estee Lauder and Procter & Gamble. The research indicates that this industry is heavily concentrated and 85 percent of industry revenue is contributed by the 50 largest firms i n the personal care products (Hoovers, 2012). Top 5 Companies Source: Hoovers D&B Company The above graph highlights 5 leading companies in the personal and health care p

The Concept Of Rural Marketing In India Economics Essay

The Concept Of Rural Marketing In India Economics Essay The concept of Rural Marketing in Indian economy has always played an influential role in the lives of rural population of India. In India, except few metropolitan cities, almost all the districts and industrial townships are well connected with rural markets. Though rural marketing is a new concept and ideology in the arena of marketing, it has left a strong feeling among the people that without giving appropriate weight to rural areas and its development, it could never be possible to ensure the overall growth and well being of the country. Since past few years considerable developments are taking place to reconstruct the rural part of India. Many corporate houses have entered into the field of rural marketing to contribute in rural development of the country. Godrej, Birla, ITC, Reliance and many others has established rural retail hubs as a result of that economic status has been significantly improved. Farmers are getting access to market to sell their product as well as keeping themselves updated and informed regarding the going on trends of market. * Assist. Professor, Rajarshi School of Management Technology, U.P. College, Varanasi The rural market in India is not a separate entity in itself and it is highly influenced by the sociological and behavioral factors operating in the country. The rural population in India accounts for around 627 million, which is exactly 74.3 percent of the total population. The concept of rural marketing in India is often been found to form ambiguity in the minds of people who think rural marketing is all about agricultural marketing. However, rural marketing determines the carrying out of business activities bringing in the flow of goods from urban sectors to the rural regions of the country as well as the marketing of various products manufactured by the non-agricultural workers from rural to urban areas. To be precise, Rural Marketing in India Economy covers two broad sections, namely: Selling of agricultural items in the urban areas Selling of manufactured products in the rural regions Some of the important features or characteristics of Rural Marketing in India Economy are being listed below: With the initiation of various rural development programmes there have been an upsurge of employment opportunities for the rural poor. One of the biggest cause behind the steady growth of rural market is that it is not exploited and also yet to be explored. The rural market in India is vast and scattered and offers a plethora of opportunities in comparison to the urban sector. It covers the maximum population and regions and thereby, the maximum number of consumers. The social status of the rural regions is precarious as the income level and literacy is extremely low along with the range of traditional values and superstitious beliefs that have always been a major impediment in the progression of this sector. The steps taken by the Government of India to initiate proper irrigation, infrastructural developments, prevention of flood, grants for fertilizers, and various schemes to cut down the poverty line have improved the condition of the rural masses. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recently talked about his vision for rural India: My vision of rural India is of a modern agrarian, industrial and services economy co-existing side by side, where people can live in well-equipped villages and commute easily to work, be it on the farm or in the non-farm economy. There is much that modern science and technology can do to realise this vision. Rural incomes have to be increased. Rural infrastructure has to be improved. Rural health and education needs have to be met. Employment opportunities have to be created in rural areas. Go rural is the slogan of marketing gurus after analyzing the socio-economic changes in villages. The Rural population is nearly three times the urban, so that Rural consumers have become the prime target market for consumer durable and non-durable products, food, construction, electrical, electronics, automobiles, banks, insurance companies and other sectors besides hundred percent of agri-input products such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and farm machinery. The Indian rural market today accounts for only about Rs 8 billion of the total ad pie of Rs 120 billion, thus claiming 6.6 per cent of the total share. So clearly there seems to be a long way ahead. Although a lot is spoken about the immense potential of the unexplored rural market, advertisers and companies find it easier to vie for a share of the already divided urban pie. The success of a brand in the Indian rural market is as unpredictable as rain. It has always been difficult to gauge the rural market. Many brands, which should have been successful, have failed miserably. More often than not, people attribute rural market success to luck. Therefore, marketers need to understand the social dynamics and attitude variations within each village though nationally it follows a consistent pattern looking at the challenges and the opportunities which rural markets offer to the marketers it can be said that the future is very promising for those who can understand the dynamics of rural markets and exploit them to their best advantage. A radical change in attitudes of marketers towards the vibrant and burgeoning rural markets is called for, so they can successfully impress on the 230 million rural consumers spread over approximately six hundred thousand villages in rural India. What rural market buys? Rural India buys small packs, as they are perceived as value for money. There is brand stickiness, where a consumer buys a brand out of habit and not really by choice. Brands rarely fight for market share; they just have to be visible in the right place. Even expensive brands, such as Close-Up, Marie biscuits and Clinic shampoo are doing well because of deep distribution, many brands are doing well without much advertising support Ghadi, a big detergent brand in North India, is an example. Why Rural Market? The Indian rural market has a huge demand base and offers great opportunities to marketers. Two-thirds of Indian consumers live in rural areas and almost half of the national income is generated here. The reasons for heading into the rural areas are fairly clear. The urban consumer durable market for products like colour TVs, washing machines, refrigerators and air conditioners is growing annually at between 7 per cent and 10 per cent. The rural market is zooming ahead at around 25 per cent annually. The rural market is growing faster than urban India now, says Venugopal Dhoot, chairman of the Rs 989 -crore(Rs billion) Videocon Appliances. The urban market is a replacement and up gradation market today, adds Samsungs director, marketing, Ravinder Zutshi. Reasons for improvement of business in rural area *Socio-economic changes (lifestyle, habits and tastes, economic status) *Literacy level (25% before independence more than 65% in 2001) *Infrastructure facilities (roads, electricity, media) *Increase in income   *Increase in expectations MART, the specialist rural marketing and rural development consultancy has found that 53 per cent of FMCG sales lie in the rural areas, as do 59 per cent of consumer durable sales, said its head Pradeep Kashyap at the seminar. Of two million BSNL mobile connections, 50 per cent went to small towns and villages, of 20 million Rediffmail subscriptions, 60 per cent came from small towns, so did half the transactions on Rediffs shopping site. Special features of rural market Unlike urban markets, rural markets are difficult to predict and possess special characteristics. The featured population is predominantly illiterate, have low income, characterized by irregular income, lack of monthly income and flow of income fluctuating with the monsoon winds. Rural markets face the critical issues of Distribution, Understanding the rural consumer, Communication and Poor infrastructure. The marketer has to strengthen the distribution and pricing strategies. The rural consumer expects value for money and owing to has unsteady and meager status of weekly income; increasing the household income and improving distribution are the viable strategies that have to be adapted to tap the immense potential of the market. Media reach is a strong reason for the penetration of goods like cosmetics, mobile phones, etc., which are only used by the urban people. Increasing awareness and knowledge on different products and brands accelerate the demand. The rural audience are however critical of glamorous ads on TV, and depend on the opinion leaders who introduce the product by using it and recommending it. Opinion leaders play a key role in popularizing products and influence in rural market. Nowadays educated youth of rural also influences the rural consumers. Rural consumers are influenced by the life style they watch on television sets. Their less exposure to outside world makes them innocent and fascinated to novelties. The reach of mass television media, especially television has influenced the buying behaviour greatly. Creating brands for rural India Rural markets are delicately powerful. Certain adaptations are required to cater to the rural masses; they have unique expectation and warrant changes in all four parameters of product, price, promotion and distribution. A lot is already emphasized on adapting the product and price in terms of packaging, flavouring, etc and in sachets, priced to suit the economic status of the rural India in sizes like Rs.5 packs and Re.1 packs that are perceived to be of value for money. This is a typical penetration strategy, that promises to convert the first time customers to repeated customers. The promotion strategies and distribution strategies are of paramount importance. Ad makers have learnt to leverage the benefits of improved infrastructure and media reach. The television airs advertisements to lure rural masses, and they are sure it reaches the target audience, because majority of rural India possesses and is glued to TV sets! Distributing small and medium sized packets thro poor roads, over long distances, into deep pockets of rural India and getting the stockiest to trust the mobility is a Herculean task. Giving the confidence those advertisements will support. Sales force is being trained to win the confidence of opinion leaders. Opinion leaders play an important role in popularizing the brand. They sometimes play the role of entry barriers for new products. The method of promotion needs to be tailored to suit the expectations of the market. Techniques that have proved to be successful are Van campaigns, edutainment films, generating word of mouth publicity through opinion leaders, colourful wall paintings. The Wide reach of television has exposed the other wise conservative audience to westernization. Panchayat televisions in Tamilnadu carries message that are well received and contribute to community development. Dynamics of rural markets differ from other market types, and similarly rural marketing strategies are also significantly different from the marketing strategies aimed at an urban or industrial consumer. This, along with several other related issues, have been subject matter of intense discussions and debate in countries like India and China and focus of even international symposia organized in these countries.   Rural markets and rural marketing involve a number of strategies, which include: * Client and location specific promotion *Joint or cooperative promotion *Bundling of inputs *Partnership for sustainability Client and Location specific promotion involves a strategy designed to be suitable to the location and the client. Joint or co-operative promotion strategy involves participation between the marketing agencies and the client. Bundling of inputs denote a marketing strategy, in which several related items are sold to the target client, including arrangements of credit, after-sale service, and so on. Media, both traditional as well as the modern media, is used as a marketing strategy to attract rural customers. Partnership for sustainability involves laying and building a foundation for continuous and long lasting relationship. Innovative media can be used to reach the rural customers. Radio and television are the conventional media that are reaching the rural audience effectively. But horse cart, bullock cart and wall writing are the other media, which can carry the message effectively to the rural customers.   Rural marketing is an evolving concept, and as a part of any economy has untapped potential; marketers have realized the opportunity recently. Improvement in infrastructure and reach, promise a bright future for those intending to go rural. Rural consumers are keen on branded goods nowadays, so the market size for products and services seems to have burgeoned. The rural population has shown a trend of wanting to move into a state of gradual urbanization in terms of exposure, habits, lifestyles and lastly, consumption patterns of goods and services. There are dangers on concentrating more on the rural customers. Reducing the product features in order to lower prices is a dangerous game to play. Rural Market: Areas with high level of expectation The Indian growth story is now spreading itself to Indias hinterlands. Rural India, which accounts for more than 70 per cent of the countrys one billion population (according to the Census of India 2001), is not just witnessing an increase in its income but also in consumption and production. The Union Budget for 2009-10 hiked the allocation for the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) to US$ 8.03 billion, giving a boost to the rural economy. This is in addition to the ambitious Bharat Nirman Programme with an outlay of US$ 34.84 billion for improving rural infrastructure. According to a study on the impact of the slowdown on rural markets commissioned by RMAI and conducted by MART, the rural economy has not been impacted by the global economic slowdown, according to a study by the Rural Marketing Association of India (RMAI). The study found that the rural and small town economy which accounts for 60 per cent of Indias income has remained insulated from the economic slowdown. Moreover, rural incomes are on the rise driven largely due to continuous growth in agriculture for four consecutive years. Moreover, the rural consumer market, which grew 25 per cent in 2008 when demand in urban areas slowed due to the global recession, is expected to reach US$ 425 billion in 2010-11 with 720-790 million customers, according to a white paper prepared by CII-Technopak. That will be double the 2004-05 market size of US$ 220 billion. According to the study, while the durables market shrunk in urban India, the rural market is seeing a 15 per cent growth rate. Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sales are up 23 per cent and telecom is growing at 13 per cent. FMCG According to figures released by market researcher AC Nielsen, demand for personal care products grew faster in rural areas than urban areas during the period April-September 2009. Several FMCG companies such as Godrej Consumer Products, Dabur, Marico and Hindustan Unilever (HUL) have increased their hiring in rural India and small towns in order to establish a local connect and increase visibility. GlaxoSmithkline Consumer Healthcare (GSK) and Nestle and are now launching products specifically for rural markets. Anand Ramanathan, an analyst from KPMG, said, Till recently, most FMCG companies used to treat rural markets as adjuncts to their urban strongholds and rural consumers as a homogeneous mass without segmenting them into target markets and positioning brands appropriately. Retail The rural retail market is currently estimated at US$ 112 billion, or around 40 per cent of the US$ 280 billion Indian retail market, according to a study paper, The Rise of Rural India, by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM). Major domestic retailers like AV Birla, ITC, Godrej, Reliance and many others have already set up farm linkages. Hariyali Kisan Bazaars (DCM) and Aadhars (Pantaloon-Godrej JV), Choupal Sagars (ITC), Kisan Sansars (Tata), Reliance Fresh, Project Shakti (Hindustan Unilever) and Naya Yug Bazaar are established rural retail hubs. Pharmaceuticals /Healthcare According to a report by McKinsey, the rural and tier-II pharmaceuticals market will account for almost half of the growth till 2015. The tier-II market will grow to 44 per cent by 2015, amounting to US$ 8.8 billion. The health ministry is setting up a mechanism to screen people in rural areas for lifestyle diseases such as diabetes. Union Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad said that in the case of diabetes, the government was working out a strategy to diagnose those in the age group 30-40 years in rural areas, for diseases. The multinational drug company, Sanofi-Aventis, has launched Prayas, a marketing initiative to market generics in rural areas and small towns. Through this initiative, the company looks to share medical knowledge with a body of practitioners and specialists in rural areas through workshops. Telecommunication A joint Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) and Ernst Young report reveals that of the next 250 million Indian wireless users, approximately 100 million (40 per cent) are likely to be from rural areas, and by 2012, rural users will account for over 60 per cent of the total telecom subscriber base in India. In a bid to acquire rural subscribers, most Indian telecom operators have started investing in infrastructure to roll out their services in these areas. Realising this as a huge potential, small Indian handset manufacturing companies, including Micromax, Intex Technologies and Karbonn, have lined up a marketing spend of around US$ 21.02 million for the financial year 2009-10. Infrastructure The World Bank has said that all-weather roads in villages in India have served to double the income of rural households, lift the literacy rate and increase land prices. Meanwhile, the Orissa government had decided to undertake an initiative to improve roadways in rural areas and upgrade 10,000 km of roads in rural areas. The decision was taken at a high level meeting chaired by Mr. Naveen Patnaik, Chief Minister of Orissa in December 2009. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has sanctioned an amount of US$ 34.4 million to the government of West Bengal under the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) XV. NABARD has also sanctioned a US$ 26.29 million loan to Karnataka for the construction of infrastructure projects, such as secondary schools, rural godowns, jetties, minor irrigation structures, roads and bridges, in rural areas. Automobiles Mahindra and Mahindra Group (MM) arm, Mahindra First Choice, has announced that it is to set up sales and service outlets in rural areas with the target of setting up 100,000 vehicles by 2015, according to MM President Rajeev Dubey. Meanwhile, motorcycle manufacturer TVS Motor Co. Ltd has said that it is depending on a far-reaching penetration of the rural market and the launch of new brands to boost the companys growth in 2010. Services Sector According to a report based on the 63rd round of survey by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO), 60 per cent of the services sector enterprises in the country are located in rural areas. Of the 16.5 million services sector enterprises in India in 2006-07, 85 per cent were own account enterprises (OAEs) while the remaining 15 per cent were establishments. Seventy six per cent of the workers employed in these enterprises were employed in the rural areas of the country. Road ahead According to international consultancy firm Celent, rural markets in India will grow to a potential of US$ 1.9 billion by 2015 from the current US$ 487 million. Rural markets are growing at double the pace of urban markets and for many product categories, rural markets account for well over 60 per cent of the national demand. The success of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), which has so far trained 100,000 rural youth, has led the rural development ministry to request an increase in budgetary allocation for the project. Rita Sharma, Secretary in the Rural Development Ministry, has said that they had sought US$ 2.29 billion from the Finance Ministry.

Wal-Mart: Penetrating Cities

Business opportunities do not necessarily come as fixed process transactions. Apparently, when an established company has already earned a good market reputation, the next step for it is to increase its business quality output in terms of maximizing its earning potential through various channels. The aspects of customer service, supplier partnership and logistics can greatly induce more earnings if delegated correctly. For Wal-Mart, the world’s largest retailer according to Fishman’s article, the best possible concept is penetrating into cities and establishes a ‘grass root’ foundation within segmented markets. One of the main advantages of having this approach for Wal-Mart is that the company can easily manage its logistic procedures. In a compact city, it is much easier to transport merchandises within specified small locations. Good logistic systems can utilize the best resources inside and outside the company span (Brewer 12). This could easily save time and money resources for the business therefore improving inventory and tracking delivery transactions. Another good benefit in this city-concentration approach is that if Wal-Mart can establish a mini counterpart of retail outlets within cities, it would be very difficult for the competitor to have a head-on collision with the company since the brand Wal-Mart speaks for itself in terms of advertising. Also people will have greater access to Wal-Mart’s services and may at least feel they have a customized branch outlet of the company since the stores will comply with the laws accepted within the city parameters, thus increasing the company’s sales. Just like what the company has done in Monona, Wisconsin, a customized super center was established as shoppers get great benefits in terms of convenience and huge savings (Wal-Mart Facts 1). Just like any business approaches, penetrating cities can also pose some disadvantages. For one, the establishment of new satellite stores in cities requires great investment allocations. This could impose a certain degree of Wal-Mart’s capital calculation. Moreover, commodity allocation per store can become a problem since the company head administration will need to monitor each and every merchant units in all the cities it has established its branches. Establishing a business presence in a local city can greatly increase customer satisfaction and convenience. However, there should always be a way to weigh the investment costs and profit accumulation before a company can initiate this kind of approach. For Wal-Mart, since it already has an established name with huge capitals, penetrating cities can be the best way to expand its specific market influence. Works Cited Brewer, Ann. â€Å"Handbook of Logistics and Supply-Chain Management.† Google Books. 2001. 10 Mar 2008 . Fishman, Charles. â€Å"The Wal-Mart You Don't Know.† FastCompany. 2003. 10 Mar 2008 . Wal-Mart, â€Å"New Super center Is Custom-Made for Monona .† Wal-Mart Facts. 2008. 10

Dramatic effects to in Act 1, Scene 1 and Act 3, Scene 1 of “Romeo and Juliet” Essay

How does Shakespeare use language and dramatic effects to in Act 1, Scene 1 and Act 3, Scene 1 of Montague family. Later in Act One Scene Five he authenticates that all that is ever on his mind is war as when he sees Romeo at the Capulet party (Romeo being a Montague and therefore not wanted), instead of letting it pass as a party in Elizabethan times and today is no place for fighting, he asks Capulet for permission to fight him there and then – â€Å"Uncle, this is a Montague, our foe; a villain, that is hither come in spite to scorn at our solemnity this night.† This quote demonstrates Tybalt’s willingness to vehemently insult others and the â€Å"s† sounds he uses suggests he is almost hissing his hatred. Throughout the play Tybalt is extremely one-dimensional when it comes to language; when he speaks it as always at a dramatic or leading up to a dramatic point in the play. Maybe due to the similar circumstances that he speaks in or the fact that he is a warrior and no poet he repeatedly speaks in blank verse (or prose) Romeo is an archetypal lover, who despite his good intentions is still forced into fighting. He is the one male character in the entire to play that is willing to forsake his family name for love; this portrays him as an outsider to typical Veronian behaviour. This is strongly proclaimed by Shakespeare in Act One Scene One after a brawl between the two families in the streets – â€Å"What fray was here? Yet tell me not for I have heard it all!†-Demonstrating Romeo’s mood as someone who is detached from the fighting as he dares to be. Although Shakespeare substantially promotes non-belligerence throughout the play using the character Benvolio, he does not agree with the way Romeo attempts to break up the fight between Tybalt and Mercutio (â€Å"I thought all for the best†) – perhaps he is conveying to us that interference is bad. This is well shown in the Franco Zeffirelli (1968) film of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† as the fight is made out to be g entlemanly and playful, it is shown to be Romeo’s fault Mercutio dies. Romeo’s extensive language adds to the atmosphere of the play and gave the highly trained ear of an Elizabethan play watcher an insight into what was going to happen. Whilst Romeo is not in a scene that is displaying any particular passion for love or war he speaks in blank verse, whilst when he is with Juliet he switches to sonnet (or rhyming verse) form – this was  considered very romantic in this period of history, finally when Romeo challenges Tybalt he seeps into more colloquial, cruel pros to demonstrate his anger. What is most noticeable about the language Romeo uses is actually that it seems always to be tainted, this is due to the constraint oxymorons he uses – â€Å"Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health.† This bolsters the contrast Shakespeare creates, the way that the play is constantly switching between violent or death or love scenes. The character of Romeo is all about contrast – one second he is the loving husband of Juliet, the other he is the bloodthirsty killer of Tybalt. From the beginning to the end of the play, Shakespeare exploits this contrast. In the prologue, the audience is told that the â€Å"lovers take their life†. Love is tainted with death. At the end, by using Romeo and Juliet as a sacrifice, ending the ancient grudge, we continue to experience mixed emotions because of this contrast. Although death claims two innocent lives, love is ultimately triumphant. Tybalt’s opposite is Benvolio. Unlike Tybalt, war is the last thing he thinks about, instead he feels that there is much more to life than fighting and in reconciliation of this he will always try to break up fights, this is shown in the Act One Scene One when he attempts to break up the fight that Sampson and Gregory have created by shouting â€Å"Part, fools! Put up your swords; you know not what you do.† Benvolio’s underlying judiciousness is shown by the use of the word â€Å"fools†; proving that he considers Samson and Gregory to be imbeciles for fighting. Not only does Benvolio try to break up fights, he also is willing to give council to his friends – the particular case shown in the play is when he confides with Romeo about Rosalin – â€Å"What sadness lengthens Romeo’s hours?† Shakespeare uses him as a dramatic device, for example he always truthfully reports fights, does not get killed and has an active participation s o could possibly be viewed as a role model. Also, interestingly enough in Act Three Scene One he does not get involved in the fighting even when Mercutio is killed; this is another of Shakespeare’s more pacifistic of opinions saying that you should not even fight if it is to bring someone to justice. Amid the highs and lows of the play Benvolio only employs two different styles of language, he uses prose or blank verse when he is speaking in a time of peace e.g. when counselling Romeo, and merges  into a rhymed verse when his adrenalin is at is peak – like when he is breaking up a fight. The rhymed verse shows his high principles and how he understands the responsibilities of being a noble. Although Tybalt, Romeo and Benvolio are undoubtedly the dominant male characters, males such as Mercutio, Sampson and Gregory succeed in making important points concerning the main theme of the play, masculinity. Sampson and Gregory spearhead the first scene with a crude, slanderous conversation that ultimately leads to a brawl in the tight streets of Verona. Shakespeare moulds them into a tool for expressing loutish – therefore not truly manly behaviour. They also play an important part in starting the fight, which captures the audiences’ attention in the beginning of the play. These louts are more interested in showing off to each other than helping to maintain a stable society, they do this by making bold comments concerning sex and fighting – it makes their already oversized ego swell with feelings of machismo. The language they use reinforces this behaviour – â€Å"I will push Montague’s men from the wall and thrust his maids to the wall.† The verbs â€Å"push† and â€Å"thrust† are very violent adding to Gregory’s and Sampson’s characters. Overall Sampson and Gregory set the initial tone of the play, they show the audience the relevance to masculinity in it, that the play will have a varied temperament and to expect wordplay – especially with characters such as Mercutio to come. Concerning wordplay, Mercutio uses it extensively; even when he is on the brink of death he jokes – â€Å"Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man.† Mercutio does this to conserve his manliness; in modern day terms it is comparable to a rugby player being injured seriously and asking to continue playing. However, after his witty fusillade of comic comments it is revealed to his friend that he is in fact in terrible pain as in his last breaths he shouts out â€Å"A plague a ‘both your houses,† He repeats this three times for added effect. This curse was one of incredible seriousness at the time, as in the 16th century England had been devastated by plagues several times. With this, Mercutio the joker ends his life on a malicious tone; this reinforces the idea that the feud is to blame for his death. Shakespeare creates the play’s atmosphere using several dramatic effects, a very important one is the terminology used for swords especially during the first seen. Sampson and Gregory refer to their weapons with sexual connotations, for example the terms â€Å"fiddling stick† and â€Å"naked weapon† are both used, these props swell the testosterone filled nature of the young duelling males. This effect is essential as in the 16th century a swordsman of Tybalt’s calibre was admired; this is demonstrated when the placid Benvolio describes Tybalt as â€Å"stout†. Shakespeare makes a key point concerning masculinity in Act Three Scene One when the prince denounces Romeo’s masculine, but not law-abiding action when he kills Tybalt to avenge Mercutio in order to protect the citizens of Verona. Shakespeare makes the prince do this to express that people should do what is in the community’s interests rather than allowing deaths to slip past their gaze. The prince puts down this manly action by exiling Romeo thus pleasing both houses and keeping peace – â€Å"Romeo slew him; he slew Tybalt, and for that offence we do exile him hence.† This corresponds directly towards Elizabethan England as due to numerous noble duels, many high up people were getting killed so duals began to be clamped down on more thoroughly. Yet another way in which Shakespeare adds to the feel of tension in the play -as well as giving the audience an additional awareness of the social context is by the setting. Shakespeare sets the play in the swelteringly hot and extraordinarily cramped city of Verona; this style of city was typical of the Elizabethan period adding to the play a more realistic feel. A good example of this being shown is when Romeo asks the way to the house of Capulet and the servant replies â€Å"up.† – this is an obvious referral to the architectural style of the Elizabethan period. In addition the combination of heat and little space may have irritated the characters – adding to their aggression. Later on in act  three Benvolio sums this up by saying â€Å"The day is hot, the capels are aboard, And if we meet we shall not escape a brawl, For now, these hot days, is the mad blood stirring.† Shakespeare creates a testosterone driven world that reflects the aggressive and competitive attitudes of males in Renaissance Europe. The contrasting characters suggest different male attributes; some being kind and trustworthy, whilst others are nasty and cruel. This explosive structure creates tension; at any moment passion and anger could erupt – throwing society into disarray. Perhaps Shakespeare s suggesting men need to control their desire to fight and should be open, friendly and compassionate.

Jackson And The Native Indians Essay - 1659 Words

Jackson and The Native Indians Andrew Jackson, The United States seventh president, was possibly one of the worst human beings to be president and treated the Native Indians horribly. He, was a bully and used his position to get acts and petitions like the Indian Removal Act passed, to help push Native Indians around so he could get his own way. The Indian Removal Act in and of itself seemingly doesn’t contain that much power, however it was all the power Jackson needed. The circumstances of Jackson’s character and the debates surrounding the Act also lend and interesting lens to examine what Jackson intentions were. When looking at Jackson and how he managed to relocate the Native it becomes substantially more integral to examine all the documents with a wide scope to see how he even managed the relocation of Natives. The character of Andrew Jackson, first must be considered and examined, before one can fully understand the how Jackson managed to relocate so many natio ns. The character of Andrew Jackson is one of vanity, impatience, and of being temperamental. This is crucial to remember so that in future documents and debates you can assess his tone and underlying intentions. In A Retrospective Glance at the Character of Andrew Jackson, 1827 we see Jackson order a gun to be brought to him so that he could shoot the pilot of another vessel because a ship kept passing him up and then pulling over to let Jackson’s vessel pass her up and continued repeating this process.Show MoreRelatedAndrew Jackson And The Indian Removal Act Of Native Americans778 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cherokee Indians are one of the most well-known American Indian tribes here in the U.S. However, once the Europeans came to the new world and started to expand their territory, this did not bode well for them. Many tribes were enraged by the expansion into Native American lands. Even when the Europeans had promised that they would not encroach onto their lands. 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Or was his intent to destroy the tribal culture and to get rid of the Native Americans, as Anthony F.C WallaceRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act of 18301123 Words   |  5 PagesTHE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT OF 1830 Migdalia Tuero HIST101: American History to 1877 Professor Kathleen Davis February 13, 2014 There are several historical events and issues that have impacted the contemporary political development among American history. In the history of America one of these groups are the Native Americans. The white man throughout the South called for a removal of the Indian peoples. They wanted the Native Indians to be resettled to the west because their presence createdRead MoreThe Long, Bitter Trail, Andrew Jackson And The Indians Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesknew that the America’s were there, natives to the American lands were already here and thriving. 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